如何使用Maxima（四）

矩阵运算

1. 输入矩阵
可以用entermatrix(m,n)输入一个m乘n矩阵。如果m=n，Maxima会自动询问是什么类型的矩阵，以减少输入的工作量。

(%i1) m: entermatrix(2,2);

Is the matrix  1. Diagonal  2. Symmetric  3. Antisymmetric  4. General
Answer 1, 2, 3 or 4 :
4;
Row 1 Column 1:
a;
Row 1 Column 2:
1;
Row 2 Column 1:
0;
Row 2 Column 2:
b;

Matrix entered.
                                  [ a  1 ]
(%o1)                             [      ]
                                  [ 0  b ]

也可以用matrix以行为单位输入

(%i2) matrix([a,b,c],[1,2,3],[d,e,f]);
                                  [ a  b  c ]
                                  [         ]
(%o2)                             [ 1  2  3 ]
                                  [         ]
                                  [ d  e  f ]

2. 矩阵的转置，逆和行列式

(%i3) transpose(m);
                                   [ a  0 ]
(%o3)                              [      ]
                                   [ 1  b ]
(%i4) invert(m);
                                 [ 1     1  ]
                                 [ -  - --- ]
                                 [ a    a b ]
(%o4)                            [          ]
                                 [      1   ]
                                 [ 0    -   ]
                                 [      b   ]
(%i5) determinant(m);
(%o5)                                 a b

3. 矩阵的代数运算

(%i6) m . %o4;
                                   [ 1  0 ]
(%o6)                              [      ]
                                   [ 0  1 ]
(%i7) %o6 + %o4;
                               [ 1         1  ]
                               [ - + 1  - --- ]
                               [ a        a b ]
(%o7)                          [              ]
                               [        1     ]
                               [   0    - + 1 ]
                               [        b     ]

4. 提取矩阵的某一行或某一列

(%i8) row(m,1);
(%o8)                              [ a  1 ]
(%i9) col(%o7,2);
                                   [    1  ]
                                   [ - --- ]
                                   [   a b ]
(%o9)                              [       ]
                                   [ 1     ]
                                   [ - + 1 ]
                                   [ b     ]

5. 为矩阵增加一行（列）或几行（列）

(%i10) addcol(m,[0,1],[c,1]);
                                 [ a  1  0  c ]
(%o10)                           [            ]
                                 [ 0  b  1  1 ]
(%i11) addrow(%o10,[1,0,0,1]);
                                [ a  1  0  c ]
                                [            ]
(%o11)                          [ 0  b  1  1 ]
                                [            ]
                                [ 1  0  0  1 ]

6. 另外，+, -, *, /, ^, exp(x)等运算都可以应用于矩阵，这些运算符分别作用于每一个元素。

(%i12) m/c;
                                   [ a  1 ]
                                   [ -  - ]
                                   [ c  c ]
(%o12)                             [      ]
                                   [    b ]
                                   [ 0  - ]
                                   [    c ]